| First steps with "real" UGens | ||
|---|---|---|
| Part 1 | Part 2 | |
There are utilities to use a UGEN outside the definition of a DSP and the next examples show them step by step.
The first example is really trivial and you can replace it with a simple let-over-lambda, but I prefer to focus the attention on the utilities. Under the hood, a UGEN is let-over-lambda plus vitamins (VUGs, nested UGENs, C heap management, automatic inference of init- and performance-time variables, etc).
We start with a new UGEN called INCR-EDULA:
(in-package :scratch) (define-ugen incr-edula fixnum ((start fixnum) (edge fixnum)) (with ((n (1- start))) (setf n (mod (1+ n) edge))))
Checking:
SCRATCH> (ugen 'incr-edula)
#<UGEN INCR-EDULA>
The result of the function INCR-EDULA is another function,
usable to generate UGEN-INSTANCEs.
SCRATCH> (defvar *eugenia* (funcall (incr-edula 0 8))) SCRATCH> *eugenia* #<UGEN-INSTANCE INCR-EDULA>
*EUGENIA* is ready for the performance (all is initialized).
(defun counts (toys) (loop repeat toys collect (funcall (ugen-perf-function *eugenia*)))) SCRATCH> (counts 12) (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3)
Now we can define a setter (not a dog) to change the edge. The default
for the name of the setter is SET-[UGEN-NAME]-[CONTROL-NAME]
(define-ugen-control-setter incr-edula edge) SCRATCH> (set-incr-edula-edge *eugenia* 5) SCRATCH> (counts 12) (4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0)
The following line defines a setter called INCR-EDULA-FROM
to change the START value:
(define-ugen-control-setter incr-edula start incr-edula-from) SCRATCH> (incr-edula-from *eugenia* 2) SCRATCH> (counts 12) (2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3)
Finally, the *EUGENIA*'s reinitialization:
(funcall (ugen-reinit-function *eugenia*) 0 7)
SCRATCH> (counts 16)
(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1)
The return type of the next UGEN is SAMPLE…
(define-ugen zibaldone sample (night deep (darkness fixnum)) (buzz night deep darkness)) SCRATCH> (ugen 'zibaldone) #<UGEN ZIBALDONE> SCRATCH> (defvar *notturno* (funcall (zibaldone 100 .5 30))) SCRATCH> *notturno* #<UGEN-INSTANCE ZIBALDONE>
… but the return type of the performance function is
NIL. We retrieve the result from the foreign pointer:
(defun star-samples (n) (loop repeat n do (funcall (ugen-perf-function *notturno*)) collect (smp-ref (ugen-return-pointer *notturno*) 0))) SCRATCH> (star-samples 3) (0.5d0 0.486606790129606d0 0.44769321522927535d0) SCRATCH> (star-samples 3) (0.3869151587690795d0 0.30990888519118d0 0.22366438072673978d0)
The last argument of DEFINE-UGEN-CONTROL-SETTER is the type
of the value passed to the setter. For example:
(define-ugen-control-setter zibaldone night nil real)
where the expansion of the macro is
(PROGN (DEFUN SET-ZIBALDONE-NIGHT (UGEN-INSTANCE VALUE) (DECLARE (TYPE INCUDINE.VUG::UGEN-INSTANCE UGEN-INSTANCE) (TYPE REAL VALUE)) (LET ((#:CTRL858 (INCUDINE.VUG::UGEN-INSTANCE-CONTROLS UGEN-INSTANCE))) (SETF (CFFI:MEM-REF (SVREF #:CTRL858 0) 'SAMPLE) (COERCE VALUE 'SAMPLE)) (FUNCALL (THE FUNCTION (SVREF #:CTRL858 1))) (VALUES))))
and you can notice coercing around the input value. Now we can change the night by using a real number instead of a value of type SAMPLE:
SCRATCH> (set-zibaldone-night *notturno* 1798) SCRATCH> (star-samples 3) (0.13575758294800522d0 -0.01625060660788103d0 -0.03490033405549335d0)
If the setter is defined without to specify the type of the input
value, it's better to add `(declaim (inline set-zibaldone-night))'
to avoid consing, because the type of the input value is SAMPLE.
Idem when the type is a foreign pointer.
There is also a low level utility to get the pointer to the memory used to store the value of a control and the function of no arguments to update the dependencies (if it exists):
SCRATCH> (ugen-control-pointer *notturno* 'night)
#.(SB-SYS:INT-SAP #X0072F500)
#<CLOSURE (LAMBDA ()) {1005B7253B}>
Note: if the control is not represented by a foreign object,
the returned pointer is a function of no arguments to call
to get the control value. For example, DARKNESS
is of fixnum type, therefore
SCRATCH> (ugen-control-pointer *notturno* 'darkness) #<CLOSURE (LAMBDA () ...> #<CLOSURE (LAMBDA (INCUDINE.VUG::X) ...> SCRATCH> (funcall *) 30
So, a low level way to transform the night is
(multiple-value-bind (ptr fn)
(ugen-control-pointer *notturno* 'night)
(setf (smp-ref ptr 0) (sample 1821))
(when fn (funcall fn)))
Le parole notte notturno ec., le descrizioni della notte ec., sono poeticissime, perché la notte confondendo gli oggetti, l'animo non ne concepisce che un'immagine vaga, indistinta, incompleta, sì di essa che quanto ella contiene. Così oscurità, profondo ec. ec. – Giacomo Leopardi (Zibaldone)
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